Level repulsion:

Let  be the point of the sequence  closest to 
Analyzing formulae (1) and (2), one notices a repulsion between the intervals  and 
Indeed, consider the second term in the right hand side of (1) that is

As , this term has the same sign as 
As, by definition,  and as , the second term in the right hand
side of (1) is negative (resp. positive) if  is to the left (resp. right) of 
So, there is a repulsion between  and 
As  controls the size of , the smaller this distance, the larger
the repulsion.